Gendang Beriak, Dayak Gendang Performance

Helloindonesia.id – Much like the traditional music of other Southeast Asian ethnic groups, the Dayak tribe’s music is dominated by the rich sounds of percussion instruments. This percussive style reflects a deep connection to nature, born from the agrarian way of life that defines many indigenous communities. Many of these instruments were inspired by elements found in the natural environment, especially plants.

The Rich Percussion Heritage of the Dayak People

The Dayak tribe boasts a wide array of percussion instruments such as the togunggak, peruncong, sengkurung, and Dayak gendang (drum). One unique feature of these instruments is the way their sounds complement one another. This technique, known among the Dayak as ngait, ngipa, or ningka, creates a layered and harmonious rhythm.

According to American ethnomusicologist William Malm, Dayak musical scales differ from Javanese traditional music. Dayak instruments typically use a five-tone (anhemitonic pentatonic) scale, as seen in the famous sape instrument. Due to this, many consider Dayak music to be more complex than Javanese music, which uses a seven-tone scale.

Gendang Beriak: Rhythmic Symbol of Unity

Among the Dayak’s many percussion instruments, the Gendang Beriak stands out. Unlike other percussion instruments that are played using the ngait technique, the gendang beriak is performed in unison, in a synchronized and powerful manner. While its sound resembles that of a typical drum, its distinctive tempo—slow yet striking—matches the dancers’ stomping footwork.

Gendang beriak performances usually involve two or more men dressed in traditional Dayak attire. This performance is often part of major ceremonies such as harvest festivals or welcoming esteemed guests. Over time, the gendang beriak has evolved from a sacred ritual performance into a more profane, cultural display.

What Is Dayak Gendang Made Of?

Anatomically, the Dayak gendang is long and narrow, with a waist-like indentation in the middle and flared ends. This design is believed to help produce a louder and sharper sound.

The drum surface is typically made from pig or buffalo skin, tightly bound with rattan. To strengthen the structure, wedges are added between the rattan bindings. When played standing, the drum is supported by a rattan strap tied around the player’s body. If played while seated, the strap is hooked to the big toe to stabilize the instrument.

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